The a lot of accepted agenda accentuation techniques are:
Phase-shift keying (PSK):
Binary PSK (BPSK), application M=2 symbols
Quadrature PSK (QPSK), application M=4 symbols
8PSK, application M=8 symbols
16PSK, application M=16 symbols
Differential PSK (DPSK)
Differential QPSK (DQPSK)
Offset QPSK (OQPSK)
π/4–QPSK
Frequency-shift keying (FSK):
Audio frequency-shift keying (AFSK)
Multi-frequency about-face keying (M-ary FSK or MFSK)
Dual-tone multi-frequency (DTMF)
Continuous-phase frequency-shift keying (CPFSK)
Amplitude-shift keying (ASK)
On-off keying (OOK), the a lot of accepted ASK form
M-ary abeyant sideband modulation, for archetype 8VSB
Quadrature amplitude accentuation (QAM) - a aggregate of PSK and ASK:
Polar accentuation like QAM a aggregate of PSK and ASK.citation needed
Connected appearance accentuation (CPM) methods:
Minimum-shift keying (MSK)
Gaussian minimum-shift keying (GMSK)
Erect frequency-division multiplexing (OFDM) modulation:
detached multitone (DMT) - including adaptive accentuation and bit-loading.
Wavelet modulation
Filigree coded accentuation (TCM), aswell accepted as filigree modulation
Spread-spectrum techniques:
Direct-sequence advance spectrum (DSSS)
Chirp advance spectrum (CSS) according to IEEE 802.15.4a CSS uses pseudo-stochastic coding
Frequency-hopping advance spectrum (FHSS) applies a appropriate arrangement for approach release
MSK and GMSK are accurate cases of connected appearance modulation. Indeed, MSK is a accurate case of the sub-family of CPM accepted as continuous-phase frequency-shift keying (CPFSK) which is authentic by a ellipsoidal abundance beating (i.e. a linearly accretion appearance pulse) of one symbol-time continuance (total acknowledgment signaling).
OFDM is based on the abstraction of frequency-division multiplexing (FDM), but is activated as a agenda accentuation scheme. The bit beck is breach into several alongside abstracts streams, anniversary transferred over its own sub-carrier application some accepted agenda accentuation scheme. The articulate sub-carriers are summed to anatomy an OFDM signal. OFDM is advised as a accentuation address rather than a circuitous technique, back it transfers one bit beck over one advice approach application one arrangement of alleged OFDM symbols. OFDM can be continued to multi-user approach admission adjustment in the erect frequency-division assorted admission (OFDMA) and multi-carrier cipher analysis assorted admission (MC-CDMA) schemes, acceptance several users to allotment the aforementioned concrete average by giving altered sub-carriers or overextension codes to altered users.
Of the two kinds of RF ability amplifier, switching amplifiers (Class C amplifiers) amount beneath and use beneath array ability than beeline amplifiers of the aforementioned achievement power. However, they alone plan with almost constant-amplitude-modulation signals such as bend accentuation (FSK or PSK) and CDMA, but not with QAM and OFDM. Nevertheless, even admitting switching amplifiers are absolutely clashing for accustomed QAM constellations, generally the QAM accentuation assumption are acclimated to drive switching amplifiers with these FM and added waveforms, and sometimes QAM demodulators are acclimated to accept the signals put out by these switching amplifiers.
Phase-shift keying (PSK):
Binary PSK (BPSK), application M=2 symbols
Quadrature PSK (QPSK), application M=4 symbols
8PSK, application M=8 symbols
16PSK, application M=16 symbols
Differential PSK (DPSK)
Differential QPSK (DQPSK)
Offset QPSK (OQPSK)
π/4–QPSK
Frequency-shift keying (FSK):
Audio frequency-shift keying (AFSK)
Multi-frequency about-face keying (M-ary FSK or MFSK)
Dual-tone multi-frequency (DTMF)
Continuous-phase frequency-shift keying (CPFSK)
Amplitude-shift keying (ASK)
On-off keying (OOK), the a lot of accepted ASK form
M-ary abeyant sideband modulation, for archetype 8VSB
Quadrature amplitude accentuation (QAM) - a aggregate of PSK and ASK:
Polar accentuation like QAM a aggregate of PSK and ASK.citation needed
Connected appearance accentuation (CPM) methods:
Minimum-shift keying (MSK)
Gaussian minimum-shift keying (GMSK)
Erect frequency-division multiplexing (OFDM) modulation:
detached multitone (DMT) - including adaptive accentuation and bit-loading.
Wavelet modulation
Filigree coded accentuation (TCM), aswell accepted as filigree modulation
Spread-spectrum techniques:
Direct-sequence advance spectrum (DSSS)
Chirp advance spectrum (CSS) according to IEEE 802.15.4a CSS uses pseudo-stochastic coding
Frequency-hopping advance spectrum (FHSS) applies a appropriate arrangement for approach release
MSK and GMSK are accurate cases of connected appearance modulation. Indeed, MSK is a accurate case of the sub-family of CPM accepted as continuous-phase frequency-shift keying (CPFSK) which is authentic by a ellipsoidal abundance beating (i.e. a linearly accretion appearance pulse) of one symbol-time continuance (total acknowledgment signaling).
OFDM is based on the abstraction of frequency-division multiplexing (FDM), but is activated as a agenda accentuation scheme. The bit beck is breach into several alongside abstracts streams, anniversary transferred over its own sub-carrier application some accepted agenda accentuation scheme. The articulate sub-carriers are summed to anatomy an OFDM signal. OFDM is advised as a accentuation address rather than a circuitous technique, back it transfers one bit beck over one advice approach application one arrangement of alleged OFDM symbols. OFDM can be continued to multi-user approach admission adjustment in the erect frequency-division assorted admission (OFDMA) and multi-carrier cipher analysis assorted admission (MC-CDMA) schemes, acceptance several users to allotment the aforementioned concrete average by giving altered sub-carriers or overextension codes to altered users.
Of the two kinds of RF ability amplifier, switching amplifiers (Class C amplifiers) amount beneath and use beneath array ability than beeline amplifiers of the aforementioned achievement power. However, they alone plan with almost constant-amplitude-modulation signals such as bend accentuation (FSK or PSK) and CDMA, but not with QAM and OFDM. Nevertheless, even admitting switching amplifiers are absolutely clashing for accustomed QAM constellations, generally the QAM accentuation assumption are acclimated to drive switching amplifiers with these FM and added waveforms, and sometimes QAM demodulators are acclimated to accept the signals put out by these switching amplifiers.
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